About Projects Project Partners Jaffa Timeline Contact Us Home Page
 
 
 Bibliography of Jaffa
 News & Events
 Image Gallery
 Last Update 20/12/11
 

Timeline

Early Bronze Age
Earliest evidence of occupation in Jaffa

Middle Bronze Age
1900-1530 BCE Jaffa established and fortified as Canaanite seaport

Late Bronze Age
1530-1200 Jaffa thrives as Canaanite port
Early 15th cent. Jaffa taken by Thutmose III
14th cent. Egyptian fort established by Ramesses II


Iron Age
12th-11th cent. Canaanite port with contact with Philistia
10th cent. Jaffa continues as Canaanite port and served ancient Israel
Late 8th cent. Jaffa fortified but besieged by Sennacherib of Assyria
Late 4th cent. Jaffa and Dor given to Eshmunazzar of Sidon


Hellenistic Period
330 Coins minted in Joppa under Alexander
318 Ptolemy (I) placed garrison in Joppa
315 Antigonus besieged and captured Joppa
301 Joppa fell under Ptolemaic rule
200 Joppa fell under Seleucid rule
176 Antiochus IV Epiphanes lands at Joppa to march to Jerusalem
143 Jaffa occupied by Simon; improves port (1 Macc. 11:1-6; 12:33-34; 13:11; also Ant. XIII.6.4)
139 Antiochus VII Sidetes attempts to receive payment from Simon for Joppa and Gezer but fails (1 Macc. 15:28-31)
134 Sidetes retakes Joppa after death of Simon and besieged Jerusalem; Hyrcanus ransoms Joppa
113 Joppa taken by Antiochus IX Kyzikenos and duties placed on trade Romans decree that Joppa be returned to the Hasmoneans (Ant. XIV.10.22)
104 Alexander Jannaeus dug trench from Antipatris (Kefar Saba) to sea near Joppa, and raised wall near Joppa (Ant. XIII.15.1)


Roman Period
66 CE Cestius Gallus sent army from Caesarea to take Joppa (Wars II.18.10)
68 Vespasian used cavalry to retake Joppa (Wars III.9.2)
270-272 Jaffa under Palmyrene rule


Byzantine Period
Jaffa served as seaport for Christian pilgrims coming to Jerusalem.

Medieval Period
636 Amr Ibn al-As captured Joppa for Arab tribes led by Omar
971 Fatimid army takes refuge from Arab army
1016 Earthquake hit region
1033 Dec. 5: Yafa devastated with other sites after earthquake and tsunami
1064-5 French Norman pilgrims visit and depart through Yafa
1099 Yafa razed by Fatimids and abandoned before being taken by Franks
Yafa made a county and overseen by Rodger, seigneur of Rosay, as count
Bishopric re-established under authority of Caesarea
1100 One-fourth of Yafa given to Pisans in treaty with Godfrey
June: Venetian fleet arrived in Yafa
July 18: Godfrey died in Yafa hospital
Fortification rebuilt
1101 Egyptian army of 20,000 besieged Yafa but abandoned effort
April 16: 32 ships of Genoese fleet arrived in Jaffa
Genoese receive a street in Jaffa as part of treaty with Baldwin
1102 Baldwin sought refuge following a failed siege of Fatimid held Ascalon
Oct. 13: heavy storm took one thousand lives and numerous ships
1103 Baldwin rebuilt city; defends against two attempted sieges by Fatimids
Patriarch Arnulf granted land for the building of cemetery for St. Peter's church
1105 Fatimids besieged Yafa again
1106/1107 Russian Abbot, Daniel (Daniel 1888), passed through Yafa
1110 Fleet of sixty ships brings 10,000 Norwegians and English to Yafa
1113 Fatimids from Ashkelon fail again in a siege of Yafa
1114 Church of St. Peter given to patriarch of church of Holy Sepulcher
1115 Fatimids from Ashkelon fail again in a siege of Yafa but burn gates
1121 Fatimid siege of Jaffa was abandoned when relief force arrived
1123 Egyptian fleet destroyed by Venetians in a failed siege of Yafa; Venetians granted a street, bath, and oven
1133 Yafa rebelled against king Fulke
1187 Oct. 2: Yafa surrendered to al-Melek al-Adel Seif ed-Din, brother of Saladin
1191 Walls (and those of other coastal towns) destroyed when abandoned by Saladin
1192 July 28-August: Saladin besieges Yafa
1193 el-Melek el-Adel besieged Yafa, but it was reoccupied by Crusaders several months later
1198 Nov. 11: Small contingent of Crusaders holding Yafa massacred
1228 Walls rebuilt by Crusaders but stopped due to peace negotiations (see Crusader inscription)
1244 Yafa besieged following failed Crusader battle against Kharezmians, but he withdrew
1250 Saint Louis seeks to rebuild Yafa fortifications
1268 Mar. 7: Yafa besieged by Bibars, expelled Christians, and razed city
1334 Rabbi Issac Chelo visits Yafa
1336 Sultan en-Nasir Nasir-ed-Din Mohammed destroyed quay to prevent new Crusade form landing


Ottoman Period
1642 Franciscan monks start settlement to accommodate pilgrims
1654 Latin Hospice founded (on place of Simon the Tanner's house)
1733 Soap industry revived in Jaffa
1770 Mameluke Ali Bey took Yafa from Osman Pasha
1772 Yafa returned to Ottomans
1772 July: Mameluke ruler Ali Bey besieged Yafa until Feb. 1773 and took it
1775 Mohammed Bey Abu-l-Dhahab besieged Yafa to retake it from Ali Bey's supporter; ends May 1776
1799 March 3rd-6th Bonaparte besieged Jaffa; plague follows day after
Yafa besieged by el-Jazzar after dispute with Grand Wezir
1804 Yafa again besieged by Suleiman Pasha
1810-1820 Walls rebuilt around city by Abu-Nabbut
1815 Large mosque rebuilt; fountain built by Abu-Nabbut
1816 Eastern gate rebuilt
1831 Yafa surrendered to Ibrahim el-Ajami and Ibrahim Pasha
1839 Ashkenazi Jews settle in Yafa
1866 Foundation of The Jaffa American Colony by George Adams
1867 Mark Twain passes through Jaffa and comments on the "fiasco" of the American colony
1879 City walls demolished to accommodate growth of city
1892 Jaffa-Jerusalem Railway commenced
1909 Tel Aviv founded


British Mandate
1917 British arrived in Jaffa
1945 Excavations begun by P. L. O. Guy


State of Israel
1947-1950 Excavations by P. L. O. Guy (Israel Dept. of Antiquities and Museums)
1952 Excavations by John Bowman and B. S. J. Isserlin (University of Leeds)
1955-1981 Excavations by Jacob Kaplan and Haya-Ritter Kaplan
1961 Jaffa Museum opened by Kaplan
1994 Israel Antiquities Authority excavations commences under Martin Peilstocker
1997, 1999 Excavations in Kaplan's Area A by Tel Aviv University under direction of Ze'ev Herzog
2007 Jaffa Cultural Heritage Project (IAA-UCLA) established



Additional IAA Sites
The Jerusalem
Archaeological Park
| Friends of
the IAA
| Preservation of the
Architectural Heritage in Israel
| Hadashot Arkheologiyot
Online


Website, texts and photos © Israel Antiquities Authority