Atlit Harbor


The remains of the harbor were first located in 1963 by the AURI, as part of the 'Atl it Map Survey’ of the IAA.  The harbor has two similar wings, each with a quay and a mole perpendicular to one side. It is protected by a peninsula in the south and two small islands (the summits of a submerged kurkar ridge) in the west. The south quay is constructed of headers (1 by 0.5 m) and extends eastward, along the shoreline, for a distance of 38 m.  The south mole extends from the eastern edge of the south quay northward into the sea. This mole (100m long and 9.8 m wide) is built of two walls of headers and a mixed ashlar and rubble fill and a wall of headers, which closes the northern tip of the mole.  Abutting this enclosure wall is a rectangular tower (12 by 20 m), also constructed of headers.

The other section of the harbor is in the northwest, adjacent to the northern rocky island. A 43 m long pier of ashlar headers was built on the eastern edge of the northern island. From the northern corner of this pier, a wall of headers continues seaward forming the northern breakwater, which is similar in construction and width to that on the southern shore. This breakwater is about 130 m long, and in some places four or five courses of headers have survived up to the present-day sea level. Abutting the eastern tip of the construction is a rectangular tower similar to the one on the eastern mole.

Several groups of artifacts were found in the harbor. One consisted of typical Phoenician biconic amphorae dated to the end of the fifth century BC. Another  contained straight-shouldered storage jars, some intact. In addition, a group of basalt stones that had been used as ship ballast, as well as pottery fragments of ‘basket-handle amphorae’ and stone stocks of wooden anchors of the 7th - 6th centuries BC, were found. Several dozen decorated lead fishing- net sinkers were recovered at the entrance of the harbor. The sinkers were arranged in a row at fixed intervals, and it would seem that they had been attached to a fishing net that was lost while fishing.    

The construction of the harbor may be related to a 10th century BC settlement, which was exposed on the shoreline about 300 m northeast of the harbor. However, no archaeological evidence dating to this early phase has so far been recorded within the harbor.